Electronic Properties of Ti Sites in Ziegler–Natta Catalysts

نویسندگان

چکیده

Although Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalysts play a major role in the polyolefin market, true understanding of their properties at molecular level is still missing. In particular, there lack knowledge on electronic Ti sites. Theoretical calculations predict that electron density sites precatalysts correlates with activation energy for olefin insertion Ti-alkyl bond generated these after by Al-alkyls. It also well known effective charge activated affects ?-complexation. this contribution, we exploit two spectroscopies, UV–vis and L2,3-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), complemented theoretical simulation to investigate three ZN increasing complexity (up an industrial system) corresponding triethylaluminum (TEAl). We provide compelling evidence presence monomeric 6-fold-coordinated Ti4+ species all precatalysts, which however differ unambiguously demonstrate are reduced TEAl types 5-coordinated Ti3+, either alkylated or not, former involved ethylene polymerization. addition, small TiCl3 clusters formed catalyst, likely due occurrence severe reducing conditions within catalyst pores. These data prove potential techniques, coupled simulation, providing accurate description heterogeneous catalysts.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: ACS Catalysis

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2155-5435']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.1c01735